Cuckoo Search Combined with PID Controller for Maximum Power Extraction of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic System

In the case of partial shading conditions (PSCs), normal equations cannot be completely implemented. The mathematical model Photovoltaic (PV) array needs to modified and re-established with existence bypass diodes connected PV module, which can alleviate negative effects PSCs generate several peaks on output characteristics curve. first aim this study is modify re-establish under PSCs. Second, it aims improve validate reliable Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) by integrating PID (hybrid CSA-PID) diminish impact problems. hybrid CSA-PID was proposed both track global maximum power point (GMPP) systems reduce tracking time eliminate fluctuations around GMPP. Further, controller used error percentage obtained CSA required duty cycle, provides desired voltage accordingly. technique has been implemented using Matlab/Simulink Hardware-In-Loop experiments MT real-time control platform NI PXIE-1071. For validation, Hybrid method evaluated compared CSA, particle swarm optimization (MPSO), PSO, perturb observe (MP&O) methods similar conditions. Finally, findings demonstrated efficacy superiority technique, demonstrating its resilience, fast reaction, good performance in terms GMPP tracking.